Cultivation of Brussels sprouts
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Botanical name = Brassica oleracea V
gemmifera DC
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Family = Crusiferae or
brassicaceae
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Chromosome number = 2n =18
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Origin place =
Mediterranean region(Glastus
horticulture)
&
Belgium(according to advance in vegetable agronomy
IARI publication)
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Edible part of cabbage =
Swellen auxillary bud (sprouts) or button or mini cabbage.
Enlargement of auxillary buds.
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Type of fruit = siliqua
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Type of inflorescence =
Recemose
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Type of plant = Binnial
Ø Type of pollination = Cross(72%)
Ø Pollinating agent = Honey bee and flie
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Highest production in India =
HP
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Highest productivity in India = HP
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It is also called miniature cabbage.
Ø Ancestor of broccoli =Brassica oleracea V. sylvestris
But
according to some scientist Brussels sprouts are derive from savoy cabbage(B. oleracea V. sabouda)
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Genome=CC
Ø “Cole crop” book is written by = Nieuwhof
Ø Cole word are derived from Caulis means Stem.
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Brussels sprouts cultivated in Belgium in 13th century .
Ø First written existence was
recorded in 1587.
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Commercial
cultivation of Brussels sprouts started
in 19 century.
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Brussels sprouts is the good source of INDOLE-3-CARBINOL.
INDOLE-3-CARBINOL= Protect against bowl cancer
Ø It is rich source of Vit-C(185mg)
and Protien(4.4%).
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Male sterility in brussels sprouts obserbed by =
Johnson(1958).
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Male sterility in brussels sprouts governed by =
Male recessive gene(ms).
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Brussels sprouts have Sporophytic self incompatibility found .
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Self incompatibility control by single gene with multiple allils ‘S’ allil.
Cultivation
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It is a cool season crop.
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It is a
frost resistant crop.
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Brussels sprouts is a slow growing crop.
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Optimum
temperature for seed germination = 12-16
C.
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Optimum temperature
for growth and development = 16-20C.
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Ideal temperature for fertilization = 12-18C
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Late cultivar can be tolerate -10 C.
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Brussels sprouts require minimum 6 hours per
day sunlight .
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It’s require chilling temperature
4-6 C for 6-8 weeks.
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Optimum ph-6-6.8.
Ø Seed rate =300-400g/hec.
Ø Hot water
treatment of seed at 50+-2 for 30 minutes use against Black
leg(Phoma liganum) and Black rot (Xanthomonas brassicae).
Ø It
is also propagated by Cutting .
Varieties
1.
Dwarf cultivar (less than 50 cm hight) =
Early Morn, Dwarf Improved, long Island, Fortiner Zwerg, Kvik, Catskill, Early
Dwarf, Dwarf Gem.
2.
Tall cultivar ( more than 50 cm hight)=
Hilds Ideal ,Eveshan Rapid, Wilhilmsburg, Red Vain, Amager Market, De Rosny,
Danish Prize, Rubine.
3.
F1 hybrid varieties = Captain Marvel ,
Prince Marvel ,Jade Cross, Oliver
F1 (Filial 1) = first generation of hybrid after cross.
4.
Royal
marvel = resistant to Tip burn and Bottom rot.
5.
Bubbles
= Resistant to PM(powdery
mildew) .
6.
Purple colour varieties = Red Bull,
Ruby crench.
Purple colour variety developed from crossing between Purple cabbage and Green brussels sprouts by Dutch
botanist in 1940.
Ø Sowing
time =
1.
North plains = June
to July.
2.
East plains =
September.
3.
Hills = April to
may.
Ø
60-80 M square nursery area sufficient for one hec planting.
Ø
4-5 weeks
seedlings are use for transplanting.
Ø Spacing =
1.
Dwarf =60*45 or
60*60 cm
2.
Tall = 90*90cm
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It have mainlyn two growth phase =
1.
Vegetative Phase.
2.
Generative phase.
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The sprouts are produce from Leaf axil.
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Topping = Pinch off a fully growen
plant from growing point. This operation occurs in brussels sprouts after 30 days of planting.
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Kitting = Removing of lower leaf of
develop sprouts.
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Harvesting begins after first frost.
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Harvesting of brussels sprouts started 80-85 days after planting.
Ø Harvesting
time =
1.
Plains =Jan-feb
2.
Hills = Nov to march
Ø Commercial size for harvesting
= 3 diameter.
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Yield
= 5-10 tonnes /hec.
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Storage =
0 C with 90-95% RH for 16 weeks.
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Seed
yield =300-400kg/hec.
Ø Isolation
distance =
1.
Foundation seed =
1600m
2.
Certified seed =
1000 m.
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Boron deficiency causes = Hollow stem and small bud.
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Exessive use of
Potash(K) imparts bitterness in brussels sprouts.
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Loose sprouts marketed as a “Blowets”.
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Major pest of Cole crops is: DBM (diamond black moth)
(Plutella xylostella)
Ø Damping off: It is a common problem of
seedlings in the nursery beds and
caused by the
fungus of genus Pythium.
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Most destructive disease of cabbage= Black rot Xanthomonas campestris
pv.
campestris.
Ø Black leg in cabbage occurs due to =Phoma
liganum(commonly seen in saline soil.)
Some important information
Ø Coteledon consept was given by
= Herberd (1935)
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In
1990 Dutch scientist Hans-van-doorn identified some chemicals which
responsible for bitterness in brussels
sprouts.
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Seed to seed method use commercial seed
production.
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