Cultivation of Cashew nut(Anacardium oxidentale)

Cultivation of Cashew nut

·       Botanical name = Anacardium oxidentale

·         Family= Anacardiaceae

·         Chromosome number= 2n=2x=42

·         Origin place= south east Brazil

·         Edible part=nut

·         Type of fruit= drupeous nut

·         Type of flower- Polygamomonoesious (bisexual or staminate)

·         Type of inflorescence=Terminal panicle

·         Type of plant= Evergreen tree

·         Type of pollination= Cross

·         Commercial propogation= softwood grafting

·         Highest production in world= Nigiria

·         Major exporter cashew in world - india

·         Highest production in india= Maharastra

·         Other name – wonder nut, dollor earning crop,gold mine of waste land, plough crop etc.

Research stations

·         NRC of cashewnut- Puttar Karnataka(1986).

·         CRS- TNAU, Vridhachalam, Tamilnadu (1971)

·         CRS- Madakkathara, Kerla (1973)

·         CRS- anakkayam , Kerla (1963)

 

·         Cashew nut Generates 5 lackh people employment opportunity.

·         The cashew word derived from Portuguese word “caju” .

·         Cashew nut introduced in india by Portuguese in 16 century.

·         Cashew is a sun loving plant.

·         Cashew nut kernel are mainly use as Dry fruit , it have a lot of protein 21%.

·         Kernel weight – 2-20g and shelling percentage 15-30%.

·         Cashew apple are develop from Peduncle.

·         Cashew apple are rich in Vit. C(Malic acid ).

·         Cashew apple use make drink Fenni in goa city.

·         Cashew nut is a hardy tropical plant.

·         It can be grown 700 msl.

·         Required Temprature range – 19-35c.

·         Waterlooging condition are favourable for cashew nut cultivation.

·         For seed propogation seed are collected in the month of March to may.

·         Seed germination time – 15-20 days.

·         Planting time – June to july.

·         Mainly 45 days lod seedling use for planting.

·         Pit size – 45*45*45.

·         Spacing – 7*7 or 8*8

·         HDP spacing – 8*4 or 4*4

·         UHDP spacing – 4*2 or 3*2.

·         Pruning time – May to september.

·         Cashew nut bears on current season growth.

·         The proportion of ferfect flower – 0.45 to 24.9%.

·         In normal condition 85% flower are fertilized but 4-6% are reach maturity.

·         Flowering time – Nov to feb.

·         Cloudy weather during flowering enhance the incidence of Tea mosquito bug.

·         Fertilizer may be applied in the month of – Nov to dec.

Varieties

·         Relesed from bapalata(CRS) A.P.- BPP-1,2,3,4,5,6,8.

·         Relesed from Maharastra – Vengurla – 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.

·         Relesed from Tamilnadu – VRI-1,2,3,4 and VRI-H1.

·         Relesed from Ullal Karnataka- Ullal-1,2,3,4,5.

·         Released from NRCC Puttar Karnataka – NRCC-1,2.

·         Released from Kerla – Sulabha , maridula , Anakkayam1(dwarf)

·         Released from madakkathara- Madakkathara-1,2, Dhana(dwarf), priyanka, kanaka,damodar , raghav,amrutha,anagha, poonima etc.

·         Dwarf rootstock of cashew – Anacardium pumilum

 

·         CNSL -  Cashew nut shell liquid = obtained from mesocarp of shell.

·         Cashew nut starts bearing after 4-5 years of planting.

·         Peak stage of harvesting – march to april.

·         Yield – 6kg /tree ( 15 year old tree.)

·         Oil bath roasting- 200-202 C for 3 minutes.

·         Most popular roasting method – steam method.

·         Maximum recovery of oil- oil bath roasting.

·         Peeling – removal of outer brown thin layer.

·         Top working – 20-25 year old tree are beheaded at the hight of 0.5 m .

·         Top working time – Dec to feb.

·          Major insect – tea mosquito bug ( helopeltis antonii).

 

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