Cultivation of Knol Khol or Kholrabi

Cultivation of Knol Khol

Ø  Botanical name = Brassica oleracea  V gongylodes  DC

Ø  Family = Crusiferae or brassicaceae

Ø  Chromosome number = 2n =18

Ø  Origin place = Mediterranean region

Ø  Edible part of cabbage = Tuber or knob(Swellen stem)

Ø  Type of fruit = siliqua

Ø  Type of inflorescence = Recemose

Ø  Type of plant =  Binnial 

Ø  Type of pollination = Cross(91%)

Ø  Pollinating agent = Honey bee and flie

Ø  It is also called German Turnip, Turnip Cabbage Kolrabi,Navakol&ganth gobhi,

Ø  Ancestor of broccoli =Brassica oleracea V. sylvestris

Ø  Genome=CC

Ø  “Cole crop” book is written by = Nieuwhof

Ø  Cole word are derived from Caulis means Stem.

Ø  Cole crops also known as “Crow jwel of nutrition”

 

Ø  Knol khol are cultivated from 600 BC.

Ø  Commercial  cultivation of Knol khol started in 16 century.

Ø  Knol khol have found INDOLE-3-CARBINOL, sulforaphane and isosynates.

INDOLE-3-CARBINOL= Protect against bowl cancer

Ø  Knol Khol is the rich source of Ca (1.95%).

Ø  Knol Khol have Sporophytic self incompatibility found .

Ø  Self incompatibility  control by single gene with multiple allils ‘S’ allil.

 

Cultivation

Ø  Best temperature for seed germination =15-30C.

Ø  It is a cool season crop.

Ø  Optimum temperature for growth and development = 15-25C.

Ø  It’s require chilling temperature 4-6 C for 6-8 weeks.

Ø  Low temperature develops Anthocynin content in Knol Khol.

Ø  Optimum ph-6-6.8.

 

Varieties

1.        Early = White Vienna,Purple speck, suttan’s earlist purple, Early Purple Vienna, Eady White Vienna, grand duke.

2.       Main = Purple Vienna, king of north, Large green, gigante 

.

·         Early variety of knol khol are more suseptiable to premature bolting .

·         Purple variety are also more suseptiable to premature bolting .

Ø  Seed rate = 1 Kg/hec.

Ø  Hot water treatment  of seed at 50+-2 for 30 minutes use against Black leg(Phoma liganum) and Black rot (Xanthomonas brassicae).

Ø Sowing time =

1.        Plains = sep to nov.

Best time for kohlrabi sowing = October.

2.       Hills = march to april.

Ø  5-6 weeks old seedlings are use for transplanting.

Ø  It can also propagated by Tip cutting and leaf cutting.

Ø Harvesting=

1.        Early = when the knobs attain size 6-8cm diameter.

2.       Late = when the knobs attain size 10-12 cm diameter.

·         Yield = 12-20 tonnes /hec.

·         Storage = 2C with 95-100% relative humidity for 25-30 days.

·         Seed yield = 500-650 kg /hec.

·         Insitu method used commercial seed production.

·         Isolation distance =

a.       Foundation seed = 1600m

b.       Certified seed = 1000 m.

·         1 g seed contain = 300-350 seeds.

·         After moist condition a long dry occurs then knol khol start cracking.

·         Major pest of Cole crops is: DBM (diamond black moth) (Plutella xylostella)

·         Damping off: It is a common problem of seedlings in the nursery beds and
caused by the fungus of genus Pythium.

·         Most destructive disease = Club rot (Plasmodiphora brassicae)

·         serious disease of cabbage= Black rot Xanthomonas campestris pv.
campestris.

·         Black leg in cabbage occurs due to =Phoma liganum(commonly seen in saline soil.)

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