Cultivation of broccoli
Ø
Botanical name = Brassica oleracea V
italica Plenck
Ø
Family = Crusiferae or
brassicaceae
Ø
Chromosome number = 2n =18
Ø
Origin place =
Mediterranean region
Ø
Edible part of cabbage =
Head(flower bud)
It is a modification of inflorescence
Ø
Type of fruit = siliqua
Ø
Type of inflorescence =
cymbose
Ø
Type of plant = Early variety are annual and late are
perennial
Ø Type of pollination = Cross(95%)
Ø Pollinating agent = Honey bee and flies
Ø
Type of flower = protogynous
Ø
Highest production in world = USA
Ø
Highest production in India =
HP
Ø
Highest productivity in India = HP
Ø Ancestor of broccoli =Brassica oleracea V. sylvestris
Ø
Genome=CC
Ø “Cole crop” book is written by = Nieuwhof
Ø Cole word are derived from Caulis means Stem.
Ø
Broccoli cultivation
started in 19 century.
Ø
Broccoli
word are derived from itailian word brachium means arm or branch.
One other term seen
in many books
Ø Broccoli word are derived from
Itailian word broccoli means A flower crest of a cabbage.
Ø
Broccoli are rich in Vit.
A(9000IU) ,Iodine(1.965%) .
Ø
It have 130 times more Vit.A than cauliflower
and 22 times more than cabbage.
Ø
Broccoli is the rich source of Sulforaphane .
Sulforaphane= It have anti cancer property.
Ø
Broccoli are only vegetable which have found selenium (antioxidant).
Ø Genus brassica have 6 basic genome =
AABBCCDEF.
Ø Genetic male sterility reported
in calaberse and purple heading broccoli by Cole(1959) and Brocher(1966).
Ø
Genetic male sterility governed by recessive male
gene= ms.
Ø
Smaller head or side sprouts are also called as
= Spears.
Ø
Broccoli are mainly three types=
1.
Heading type
2.
Sprouting broccoli
3.
Purple cauliflower(Purple sicilion broccoli)
Ø
Sprouting
broccoli are mainly three types but two more popular for cultivation=
1.
Green (popular in india)
2.
Purple( Popular in European country)
3.
White type
Ø
Calaberese broocoli are
cultivated in india.
Cultivation
Ø
Optimum temperature for broccoli cultivation =
12-20C.
Ø
Ideal temperature for fertilization = 12-18 C
Ø
It are sensitive to high temperature.
Ø High temperature 80F causes
premature flowering in broccoli.
Ø
Purple broccoli are more hardy against low
temperature than green broccoli.
Ø
Optimum ph = 5.5-6.5 .
Varieties
1.
Sprouting
broccoli type (green) = Pusa KTS-1, Palam samriddhi, Punjab broccoli-1,
Arcadia, Gypsy, solan green head, lucky, fiesta, Pushpa etc.
2.
Calaberese
type = Southern comet , premium
crop, clipper laser(Ex early), corsair, cruiser, corona , Emerald,
Exccoliber(mid), Late corona, stiff kayak, green stuff(late).
3.
Other
varieties = Belstar, blue wind , Coronado crown , destiny, dicicco,
green goliath, green masic, purple sprouting, Romanesco, sun king, Waltham etc.
4.
Bronzino
is a purple variety of heading broccoli.
5.
Di Cicco
is main winter variety.
Ø Seed rate =400-500g /hec.
Ø
Hot water treatment
of seed at 50+-2 for 30 minutes
use against
Black leg(Phoma liganum) and Black rot (Xanthomonas brassicae).
Ø
Sowing
time =
1.
Plains =mid august
to mid September
2.
Hills= march to april
and july to august.
Ø
4-6 weeks
old seedlings use for transplanting.
Ø Broccoli are not suitable for green
house cultivation because colour development are adversely affected.
Ø
Harvesting
=
1.
Early =40-50 days
after
2.
Mid = 60-100 days
after
3.
Late =more than 100
days
Ø
Harvesting
time =
1.
Plains = dec to march
2.
Hills = nov to april
.
Ø
Yield =
5-15 tonnes /hec.
Ø
Storage = 0 C with 95% RH for 2-4 weeks.
Ø
If Purple
cauliflower(Purple sicilion broccoli) are harvested before frost it’s taste
like broccoli and if it are harvested after frost it’s taste like cauliflower.
Ø
whiptail in
broccoli=Mo deficiency
Ø
Hollow stem and
browning = Bo deficiency.
Ø
Leafy head = exess of N and water.
Ø
Large and coarser
bud = high temperature.
Ø
Major pest of Cole crops is: DBM (diamond black moth) (Plutella xylostella)
Ø Damping off: It is a common problem of
seedlings in the nursery beds and
caused by the
fungus of genus Pythium.
Ø
Most destructive disease of cabbage= Black rot Xanthomonas campestris
pv.
campestris.
Ø Black leg in cabbage occurs due to =Phoma
liganum(commonly seen in saline soil.)
Some important information
·
Brassica U tringle given by = Nagaharu U(1935).
·
Broccoli improvement work in india is carried by = Dr. Pritam kaliya.
·
Botanical
name of Chinese broccoli = B. alboglabra
·
Source of high glucorophanin=
B. villosa
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