Cultivation of cabbage
Ø Family = Crusiferae or brassicaceae
Ø Chromosome number = 2n =18
Ø Origin place = Mediterranean region
Ø Origin place of savoy cabbage =Italy
Ø Edible part of cabbage = Head
It is a modification of Terminal bud.
Ø Head compactness formula was given by =Pearson
Z=(c*100)/w2
Ø Type of fruit = siliqua
Ø Type of inflorescence = Racemose
Ø Type of plant = annual for consumptive purpose and biennial for seed production.
Ø Type of pollination = Cross(73%)
Ø Type of flower = protogynous
Ø Highest production in world = China
Ø Highest production in India = WB
Ø Highest productivity in India = MP
Ø national average productivity = 22.6 MT /hec
Ø World’s average productivity = 24.1 mt/hec
Ø Other name = Patgobhi
Ø Ancestor of cabbage =Brassica oleracea V. sylvestris
Ø Genome=CC
Ø “Cole crop” book is written by = Nieuwhof
Ø It originates from wild cabbage, Cole warts, Cliff cabbage (B. oleracea V. sylvestris) through mutation, human selection and adaptation.
Ø Introduction of cabbage in india is not certain but cultivated during mugal period (1542) has been mentioned in Ain-I-Akbari.
Ø Capitata is derived from a latin word”having a head”.
Ø Red cabbage is the rich source of Anthocynin.
Ø Flavour in cabbage leaves due to Glucoside sinigrin.
Ø Cabbage contains Goitrogens which causes inlargement of thyroid gland.
Ø Cabbage have anticancer property due to INDOLE-3-CARBINOL.
Ø Cabbage juice was used against remedy of poisonous mushroom.
Ø Sauerkraut* is used against scurvy disease.
Sauerkraut= White shredded fermented cabbage
Ø The characteristic flavour of Cole crops is due to presence of: = Di methyl tri sulphite.
Ø Cabbage salad also known as = coleslaw
Ø Cabbage protein are same as pea protein.
Ø Nieuwhof recognized the following three cultivated species-
· B. oleracea V. capitate f. alba = white cabbage.
· B. oleracea V. capitate f. rubra = red cabbage
· B. oleracea V. sabouda = savoy cabbage
Ø Myers(1915) classified the cabbage on the basis of size, shape and maturity=
· Maturity basis =
o Early
o Mid
o Late
· Shape and size basis =
o Round
o Conical flat
Ø Some cabbage are developed for ornamental use it’s called = “flowering cabbage”
Cultivation
Ø Optimum soil temperature for seed germination = 20-26C and air temperature = 12-16.
Ø Optimum temperature for growth and development of cabbage =15-15C.
Ø Chilling temperature = 4-6C for 7-9 weeks
Chilling temperature = Some crops require low temperature(4-6C) for particular period for flowering and fruiting.
Ø Optimum ph for cabbage cultivation = 6-6.7 .
Ø Soil =
· Early crop = Light soil
· Late crop = Heavy soil
Ø Cultivation of cabbage in saline soil increases the incidence of Black leg(Phoma liganum).
Ø Cabbage Is very sensitive to moisture.
Varieties
· Round type variety(Mainly Early)= Harirani Gole, Kranti, Mitra, MCV-1, Pusm Mukta, Sri Ganesh Gol, Suvarna (BSS-32), Questo, Copenhagen Market:
· Conical type variety (Mainly Mid)= Golden acre, Jersey Wakefield, Pride of India
· Flate or drumhead type variety(Mainly late)= September, Pusa drum head(earliest variety among the Drum Head Group), Late Drumhead, Late Large Drum Head:
· Hybrid variety = Sri ganesh gol, sudha(BSS-115),suvarna(BSS-32),Bajrang(BSS-50),BSS-144, Pusa sambandh, nath laxmi 401.
· Red cabbage variety = Red acre,
· Savoy cabbage variety =Chieftain, Drumhead savoy,
· Fusarium wilt resistant variety = sudha(BSS-115),suvarna(BSS-32),Bajrang(BSS-50),BSS-144
· Black leg resistant variety = Pusa drum head
· Black rot resistant variety = pusa mukta,
· Suitable for hills = Questo
· Suitable for high temperature= Pusa ageti,KK cross, summer king, Green express.
· Exotic variety =Green express, Green boy.
Ø First hybrid of cabbage developed by JAPAN(1951) =Nagaoka
Ø Seed rate =
· Early = 500g/hec
· Late = 375g/hec
Ø 4-6 weeks old seedlings are use for transplanting.
Ø Spacing =
· Early =45*45cm
· Late = 60*60cm
Ø Depth of sowing = 1.5-2cm
Ø The ideal time for planting cabbage is from October-November
Ø Hot water treatment of seed at 50+-2 for 30 minutes use against Black leg(Phoma liganum) and Black rot (Xanthomonas brassicae).
Ø A spray of CCC or SADH (2500-5000 PPM) increases resistance against low temperature in cabbage.
Ø Self incompatibility of cabbage can be temporarily break using of CO2 2-5%in green house.
Ø Maturity = Round<conical<flat
Ø Harvesting =
· Early=55-70 days after sowing
· Mid = 80-100 days
· Late= 100-130 days
Ø Yield =
· Early = 30-40 tones/hec
· Late = 40-60tons/hec
· Seed yield = 500-650 kg /hec
Ø Storage = 0-1.7 c with 92-95% relative humidity for 4-6 weeks.
Ø Isolation distance = 1600m.
Ø Type of seed production =
· In-situ or seed to seed(commercial method)
· Stamp method(more seed yield)
· Stamp with central core method
· Head intact method
Ø Cabbage produces seed only temprate region.
Ø Major pest of Cole crops is: DBM (diamond black moth) (Plutella xylostella)
Ø Damping off: It is a common problem of seedlings in the nursery beds and
caused by the fungus of genus Pythium.
Ø Most destructive disease of cabbage= Black rot Xanthomonas campestris pv.
campestris.
Ø Black leg in cabbage occurs due to =Phoma liganum(commonly seen in saline soil.)
Important
Ø All red cabbage cultivar resistant to DBM(Diamond black moth).
Ø Cry A1 class gene is usefull against cabbage butterfly and DBM(Diamond black moth).
Ø IARI regional station Katrain in Kullu district of HP(himachal Pradesh) started in 1949 for seed production of temprate vegetables & transfer in IARI in 1995.
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