Cultivation of Arecanut (areca catechu)

 Cultivation of Arecanut

·       Botanical name = Areca catechul

·         Family= Arecaceae

·         Chromosome number= 2n=32

·         Origin place=  indonasia

·         Edible part= Kernel

·         Type of fruit= one seeded berry

·         Type of inflorescence=spadix

·         Type of plant= palm(monoesious)

·         Type of pollination= Cross(honey bee)

·         Commercial propogation= seed

·         Highest production in world= india (50%)

·         Highest production in india= Karnataka(40%)

 

v Important species –

·       Areca triandra- ornamental palm

·       Areca concina – suckering palm

·       Areca catechu V. deliciosa – sweet kernel variety reported in mysore.

v Important research station-

·       CPCRI regional station , vittal  Karnataka-1956.

·       CPCRI regional station, hirehalli, Karnataka.

·       CPCRI regional station, puchi , kerla.

·       CPCRI regional station, Mohitnagar , West Bengal.

·       CPCRI regional station, kahikuchi, Assam.

 

§  Arecoline is the most active alkaloid present in arecanut to an extent of  0.07-0.1%.

§  Best temperature for arecanut cultivation- 14-36C, but it can be grown at 4 -40 C temperature.

§  Best PH range-6-8

§  MSL range – 1000m.

§  Best season – June to December.

 

v Varieties –

·       Tall varieties- Mangla , sumangla,sreemangla,shreevandhnee , mohitnagar etc.

·       Dwarf varieties –VTLAH-1, swarnmangla, hirehali dwarf,

·       Indigenous – kahikuchi,SAS-1,shreewardhanee,thirthahalli.

·       Burrowing nematode resistant- sumangla, sreemangla.

 

 

§  Choose fully ripe weighting 35g nut size is best for sowing.

§  12-18 month old seedling use for planting.

§  Spacing – 2.7*2.7 m

§  Planting time –

·       May- june (normal condition)

·       Aug to September ( water logging condition)

§  Pit size- 90*90*90.

§  Nut germination take place within 53-94 day after sowing.

§  Arecanut are highly susceptiable to sun scorching so it’s require shade during Oct to Jun.

§  Sreason of sun scorching – Oct to November.

§  Major pest of arecanut – spindle bug.

§  Major disease of arecanut – Koleroga or mahali.

§  Nut splitting due in arecanut due to – Bo deficiency.

§  Flowering time – Dec to march.

§  In case of arecanut bearing starts after 4-5 year after planting.

§  Yield – 2kg challi/palm or  10kg ripe nut /plam

§  Kalipak- made from immature nuts 6-7 month old ,mainly use in south india.

§  Challi or kottapak- made from fully mature nut 9-12 month old & mainly use in north india ( Gutkha).

§  Nulli – made from tender nut .

§  Lylon- well known trade mainly consumed in Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh.

§  Yellow leaf desiase  caused due to mycoplasma  and transmitted by plant hopper(proutista moesta)

§  Anab-e-roga  caused by Ganoderma Lucidum- exudation of oozing.

 

 

 

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