Cultivation of Brinjal

Cultivation of brinjal

Ø  Botanical name = Solanum melogena l

Ø  Family =solanaceae

Ø  Chromosome number = 2n =24

Ø  Origin place = indo Burma (vailove 1926)

Ø  Type of fruit = berry

Ø  Type of inflorescence = solitary

Ø  Type of flower= Bisexual flower are found

Ø  Type of plant = annual

Ø  Type of pollination = often cross (shelf =30-40% and cross 60-70%)

Ø  Pollinating agent = bumble bee & honey bee.

Ø  Highest production in world = China > India

Ø  Highest production in India = Orissa 

Ø  productivity = Karnataka(25.4mt/hec)

Ø  national average productivity = 19.1 MT /hec

Ø  Other name = Eggplant, Guinea squash, Aubergine,baingan

 

 

Ø  It’s a day natural plant.

Ø  Toxic substance= solasodine

Ancestor of brinjal - S. Incanum

Ø  Major phenolic acid found in brinjal = chlorogenic.

Ø  Bitterness in brinjal due to = glycoalcoloids (20mg/100g)

Ø  Cross pollination in brinjal due to = Heterostyly

Ø  Which polyunsaturated fatty acid found in brinjal = linoleic and linolinic (65.1%)

Ø  Brinjal have mainly four type flower found

·       Long styled flower(60-85% fruit setting)

·       Medium styled flower(12.5-55.1% fruit setting)

·       Short styled (no fruiting)

·       Pseudo short styled (no fruiting)

Ø  Pigmentation in brinjal due to = Anthocynin

 

Some important species of brinjal

1.      S. melogena V. esculentum=round type

2.      S. melogena V. serpentinum= long type

3.      S. melogena V. depressum = dwarf type

4.      S. melogena V. incanum = (Thorn or bitter apple or sodon apple)Pricky plant with small fruit

5.      S. macrocarpon = Gboma brinjal (African brinjal)

6.      S. aethiopicum = scarlet brinjal

 

Some biotic and abiotic resistant species

Features	Species
Resistant to fusarium and bacterial wilt	S.tarvam
Little leaf resistant	S. sisymbrifolium
Fruit and shoot borer resistant	S. khasianum, S.viarum
Tolerant to drought	S. macrocabon, S. gilo
Immune to RKN	S. sisymbrifolium, S. indicum
Immune to phomosis blight	S. xanthocarpum
Solasodine yielding	S. khasianum, S.luciniutum, S.auviculure

 

 

Ø  Brinjal are domesticated from wild night shade plant species  Thorn or bitter apple S. incanum

Ø  Filov 1940 classified both cultivated and wild form of brinjal on agro ecological basis=

1.      Agrestic = it bears bitter and inedible fruit

2.      Occidentale = It grown in Asia minor in high temperature.

3.      Occidentale-asiaticus= origin in japan and china

4.      Palestinicum= hydrophytic variety

5.      Arabio- etalicum = use as ornamental purpose

Cultivation

Ø  Average temperature for brinjal cultivation = 21-27 c

Ø  Brinjal are very susceptible to frost.

Ø  It affected by low temperature when it falls below -17c

Ø  Low temperature induces more short styled flower and ovary splitting.

Ø  Parthenocary* in brinjal is induced by cool temperature (7-10C).

Ø  *parthenocary = Development of fruit without fertilization or pollination (Null 1902)

Ø  Seed rate =

·       Normal = 300-400g

·       Hybrid = 150-200g

Ø  One month old seedlings are used for transplanting.

Ø  30000-45000 seedling sufficient for one hec planting.

Ø  Sowing time =

·       Kharif= May-June

·       Summer = Dec – Jan

Ø  Spacing = 60*60     & 60*90cm.

Ø  GCA (general combining ability)

Ø  Brinjal is a good source of Vit B.

Ø  Calyx withering occurs in Feb – march and affected fruit have much higher in calcium and nitrate content.

Variety

Ø  Bacterial wilt resistant variety= Arka nidhi, arka aanand, arka neelkanth, arka keshav, Pusa purple cluster, neelma,surya,swetha, haritha, utkal tarini, Madurai etc.

Ø  Phomosis blight resistant variety= Pusa bhairav,pusa anupam,florida market.

Ø  Little leaf of brinjal resistant variety= Pusa purple cluster, arka sheel, manjarigota.\

Ø  Nematode resistant variety of brinjal = Black beauty and arka neelkantha.

Ø  Suitable for transport= arka aanand.

Ø  Pant samrat variety of brinjal is resistant to = Fruit -shoot borer, bacterial wilt and phomosis blight.

Ø  Annamalai is aphid resistant variety of brinjal.

Ø  Soft jointing variety of brinjal = NDB-25

Ø  Green fruit colour variety of brinjal= arka kushkumar

Ø  Extra early maturity variety of brinjal= Pusa purple long.

Ø  Bicolor variety of brinjal = vaishali.

Harvesting

Ø  Harvesting start after 60-120 days after transplanting (depend upon variety).

Ø  Brinjal are commercially harvested at immature stage

.

Ø  Average yield =

·       Short duration = 20-30 tones/hec

·       Long duration = 35-40 tones/hec

·       Hybrid = 50-80 tones/hec

·       Seed yield = 100-350kg/hec

Ø  One g seed contain = 250seed

Ø  Isolation distance =

·       Foundation seed= 200m.

·       Certified seed = 100m.

Ø  Storage of brinjal = 7.2-10 c with 85-90% RH for 7-10 days.

Ø  Green brinjal have longest shelf life= 4 weeks.

Ø  Most serious disease of brinjal = little leaf (mycoplasma)

Control= use resistant variety

Little leaf of brinjal was first reported in = 1939 India.

Ø  Most serious weed of brinjal = orobanche

Ø  Most serious disease of brinjal in nursery stage= Dumping off

Ø  Most serious pest of brinjal = shoot and fruit borer(lucinodes orbonalis)70% loss.

Ø  Fruit and shoot borer cause Dead heart in young plant.

Some important information

Ø  Nagai and kida first reported hybrid vigour in brinjal in 1926.

Ø  Transgenic brinjal are developed in = india

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